Коробка / несущие конструкции
Esta etapa cubre la ejecución de la estructura portante: muros, columnas, vigas, forjados, escaleras provisionales y piezas metálicas. Incluye montaje, control geométrico, verificación de capacidad portante y protección frente a corrosión. Se ejecuta según proyecto estructural y especificaciones; la secuencia, el replanteo y la coordinación con cimentación y cerramientos son fundamentales. Las principales actividades comprenden armado, encofrado, hormigonado o montaje metálico, así como comprobación de anclajes y juntas. Un control documental y ensayos puntuales permiten identificar desviaciones tempranas y reducir retrabajos.
Resumen de control del stage
Resumen de alcance y control
Structure is where early geometry, reinforcement, formwork, and connection decisions become locked into the physical building. The expensive errors are not only structural-capacity issues; they are load-path interruptions, misplaced anchors, low concrete cover, weak curing, honeycombing, slab deflection, and joints that later create cracks, leaks, or finish conflicts.
Quality gates del stage
- Verify grid, level, plumbness, and load-path continuity before each structural pour or element closure.
- Check reinforcement, concrete cover, embeds, sleeves, anchor bolts, and construction-joint preparation before concrete arrives.
- Inspect formwork stability, propping, pour sequence, and access so geometry is not lost during placement.
- Require curing and early-age protection plans for slabs, beams, columns, and exposed concrete surfaces.
- Do not allow service penetrations, openings, or late fixings through structural zones without reviewed approval.
Checklist por work package
Walls are accepted too often as visible geometry only. For cost control they must be checked as structural, dimensional, and interface elements because every later opening, facade return, plaster tolerance, and service chase depends on them.
Qué verificar
- Confirm wall position, plumbness, thickness, opening dimensions, and bearing logic before the next element closes the work.
- Check reinforcement, ties, embedded items, and construction-joint treatment where walls connect to slabs, beams, and columns.
- Verify that service chases or penetrations do not weaken structural zones or create uncontrolled crack paths.
Qué suele salir mal
- Walls pass visual inspection but drift from grid, creating facade and interior tolerance problems.
- Openings are corrected by finishes rather than by structural geometry control.
- Service routes are cut after the wall is built and interrupt the intended load path.
Columns concentrate load-path, cover, formwork, and embed risk. A small alignment or cover mistake here can become a structural review, facade tolerance issue, or long-term corrosion problem.
Qué verificar
- Check column location, verticality, cage stability, lap zones, and cover spacers before concrete placement.
- Verify formwork bracing and pour method so the column does not move or honeycomb during placement.
- Confirm embeds, starter bars, and future connection points are fixed to templates, not positioned by eye.
Qué suele salir mal
- Cages shift during the pour and reduce cover on one face.
- Column faces bulge or twist because formwork bracing was weak.
- Honeycombing is patched cosmetically before the structural significance is assessed.
Slabs connect structural performance to finish quality. They set levels, support partitions, carry future loads, and define whether wet areas, floors, ceilings, and doors will behave as expected.
Qué verificar
- Verify reinforcement, cover, openings, sleeves, edge formwork, and level control before the pour.
- Confirm curing, early loading restrictions, and protection against premature cutting or heavy storage.
- Check slab level, flatness, deflection-sensitive areas, and drainage-critical zones before screed or finish work starts.
Qué suele salir mal
- Sleeves and openings are added after reinforcement inspection and weaken local slab logic.
- Young slabs are loaded too early by blocks, tiles, equipment, or stacked materials.
- Level drift is hidden by screed until doors, drains, tiles, or thresholds expose the defect.
Joints and embeds are small in size but high in consequence. They decide whether steel, facade brackets, equipment supports, and future packages connect to the frame without drilling, guessing, or breaking finished concrete.
Qué verificar
- Check anchor-bolt templates, embedded plates, sleeves, and cast-in items against the final connection drawings.
- Verify construction joints are clean, keyed, reinforced, and waterproofed where required before the next pour.
- Record embedded item locations clearly for later steel, facade, MEP, and handover teams.
Qué suele salir mal
- Anchor bolts move during the pour and no longer match base plates.
- Cold joints are accepted without surface preparation or water control.
- Embed locations are not documented, so later trades drill blindly into structural concrete.
Evidencia antes de aprobar
- Pre-pour photo record of reinforcement, cover spacers, sleeves, anchors, embeds, and formwork condition.
- Survey or dimensional records for grid, level, plumbness, slab edges, openings, and stair geometry.
- Pour, curing, concrete delivery, and defect-repair records with sign-off before follow-on trades cover the structure.
Glosario relacionado
Ruta continua por la que cargas de cubierta, losas, vigas, muros y columnas llegan a la cimentación.
Distancia entre armadura y superficie de hormigón que protege el acero y ayuda al desempeño estructural.
Control de humedad y protección después del vertido para que el hormigón desarrolle resistencia y durabilidad.
Molde y sistema temporal de soporte que mantiene el hormigón fresco en la geometría requerida.
Junta creada donde un vertido se detiene y continúa después, requiriendo continuidad estructural e impermeable.
Vacíos o zonas porosas causadas por mala compactación, armadura congestionada, fugas de encofrado o vertido deficiente.
Fijación embebida o postinstalada que transfiere esfuerzos entre hormigón, acero, equipos o elementos de fachada.
Movimiento vertical de una losa bajo carga que puede afectar estructura, acabados, particiones y drenaje.
Elementos de acero que mejoran la tracción del hormigón.
Clase de resistencia a compresión especificada.
The planned order in which construction activities are executed so each trade has the right access, information and inspection status.
The amount of work a crew or resource can complete in a defined time, usually measured per day, shift or labor-hour.
A required pause in the work sequence where an inspection or approval must happen before work continues.
A quality control plan that lists inspections, tests, acceptance criteria, hold points and required records for a work package.
Temporary structures, services or controls used to build the permanent works safely and efficiently.
Úselo con el resto del producto
Cambie entre stage guide, checklist y coste de errores. El mismo work package debe contar una historia coherente en las tres vistas.