Pool type

Overview

The pool type is a fundamental technical decision that determines how water is collected, displaced, and treated. The two common concepts are skimmer pools and overflow pools. The chosen type typically affects hydraulic layout, structural and concrete detailing, finishing approaches, waterproofing strategy, and the required mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) equipment.

Common types

Skimmer pools

Skimmer pools use recessed skimmer units set into the pool shell to collect surface water. Water level is normally below the pool edge, with air gaps at the perimeter. Skimmer pools are common in residential and many commercial projects because they are relatively simple to construct and integrate with standard filtration systems.

Overflow pools

Overflow pools (also referred to as gutters, zero-edge, or infinity-edge configurations depending on geometry) allow water to flow over the pool edge into a perimeter channel or gutter. This type delivers a continuous surface-level aesthetic and often requires a dedicated balancing tank and overflow channel. Overflow pools are common where visual effect, precise water level control, or high surface skimming performance is desired.

Hydraulic and structural implications

Pool type changes the hydraulic scope: skimmer systems rely on skimmer boxes and suction circuits sized to accommodate surface turnover, while overflow systems require gutter channels, balancing tanks, and pumps sized to handle the continuous overflow and return flows. Hydraulic control strategies, decking drainage, and overflow capacities depend on project use, local climate, and operating scenarios.

Structurally, overflow pools typically demand different concrete details and tolerances around the perimeter to integrate gutters or invisible edge details. Concrete pours, reinforcement placement, and joint detailing may vary to accommodate channels, access openings, and inspection routes.

Finishes and waterproofing

Finishing approach depends on pool type. Overflow gutters and channels require durable finishes that tolerate constant wetting and cleaning access. Tile, stone, or engineered finishes are common; however, selection depends on maintenance, slip resistance, and chemical exposure.

Waterproofing strategy is influenced by pool geometry and connections. Overflow pools introduce additional interfaces (gutters, access channels, balancing tanks) that require reliable joint detailing and often more extensive membrane continuity. Coordination between structural, finish, and waterproofing trades is common practice to reduce installation risk.

MEP equipment and commissioning

The equipment set varies: skimmer pools may use standard filtration and circulation pumps sized for the skimmer flow, while overflow pools typically require balancing tanks, more complex piping arrangements, and pumps sized for return flows and gutter handling. Controls for water level, overflow protection, and automated dosing may be more elaborate in overflow systems.

Commissioning scope depends on type and complexity: testing and adjusting hydraulic balances, gutter performance, pump sequencing, and level controls are typical tasks. Integrated MEP testing and handover procedures should reflect the chosen pool concept.

Selection criteria and practical considerations

Choice depends on aesthetic goals, site constraints, maintenance capability, and operating budget. Other practical considerations include access for maintenance of gutters and tanks, winter drainage and freezing risk in cold climates, and compatibility with surrounding deck and landscape drainage.

Conclusion

Selecting a pool type is a multidisciplinary decision that affects hydraulics, structural detailing, finishes, waterproofing, and MEP equipment. Early coordination between design, waterproofing, structural, and mechanical teams is common practice to define performance, durability, and maintenance requirements aligned with the project brief.